Kiwi Pollination
原文地址https://kiwi-fruit.info/kiwi-pollination/
The kiwifruit plant is dioecious, which means there is a male plant that pollinates a female plant, which will in turn produce fruit.
The ratio normally used for the most efficient pollination is one male vine to 3-8 female vines, which will ensure maximum fruit yield per surface area.
Warning: some self-pollinating varieties are sometimes suggested, but in my experience the yield is inferior to pollinated varieties. If you already own a self-pollinating kiwifruit vine, you can just pollinate it with a male vine to increase its yie
猕猴桃是雌雄异株的，这意味着有一种雄性植物为雌性植物授粉，雌性植物反过来会结果实。
通常用于最有效授粉的比例是一个雄藤与3-8个雌藤，这将确保每表面积的最大果实产量。
警告：有时会建议使用一些自授粉品种，但根据我的经验，产量不如授粉品种。如果你已经拥有一株自花授粉的奇异果藤，你可以用雄藤为其授粉，将其产量提高到与正常雌雄异株品种相同的水平。
Male and Female Kiwifruit Plants
You can easily distinguish which plant is male or female by simply looking at a fully-developed flower: I have included some images for reference.
Male plants have pollen on the central anthers, as well as on the external ones. They all tend to be green in color and are quite homogeneous in their appearance.
The petals are of a slightly darker color than the female counterpart.
猕猴桃雄株和雌株
只要看一朵发育完全的花，你就可以很容易地分辨出哪种植物是雄性还是雌性：我附上了一些图片供参考。
雄性植物的中心花药和外部花药上都有花粉。它们都倾向于绿色，并且在外观上相当均匀。
花瓣的颜色比雌性的略深。
Female plants, on the other hand, have a central group of white stigmas, and an external group of anthers with fake pollen.
This fake pollen exists for the sole purpose of tricking bees into rubbing on the anthers for pollination purposes.
另一方面，雌性植物有一组白色柱头的中心，和一组带有假花粉的外部花药。
这种假花粉的存在只是为了诱使蜜蜂在花药上摩擦授粉。
The role of bees in kiwifruit pollination
Kiwi vines are among the most difficult fruit-bearing plants to pollinate, since their pollen is not particularly attractive to bees, so don’t expect it to be easy, especially if you’re just trying to grow kiwi in your garden.
Commercial producers usually exploit the role of bees by placing up to 9-10 hives per hectare, which basically overpopulates the area with bees, ensuring they help pollinate the kiwifruit vines by competing for survival. The process can be made even more effective by using highly-pollinating bee breeds (bumblebees in particular seem to be more efficient at kiwi pollination).
蜜蜂在猕猴桃授粉中的作用
猕猴桃藤是最难授粉的结果植物之一，因为它们的花粉对蜜蜂没有特别的吸引力，所以不要指望这很容易，尤其是如果你只是想在花园里种植猕猴桃。
商业生产商通常利用蜜蜂的作用，每公顷放置9-10个蜂箱，这基本上使该地区的蜜蜂数量过多，确保它们通过竞争生存来帮助猕猴桃藤授粉。通过使用授粉能力强的蜜蜂品种（尤其是大黄蜂似乎在猕猴桃授粉方面更有效），这一过程可以变得更加有效。
Work was also started in the 80’s in New Zealand to find a way to manually spray male pollen onto females for artificial pollination. This system is still undergoing experimentation but the results seems to be promising.
Consider why you want to pollinate the vines
With that said though, pollinating kiwi is probably not a good idea itself: most industrial farms employ a much simpler method that yields superior results, and that is to simply graft a fruit-producing vine onto the rootstock grown from seeds of any kiwi vine, or even better from the cuttings of a mature plant.
20世纪80年代，新西兰也开始研究如何手动将雄性花粉喷洒到雌性花粉上进行人工授粉。该系统仍在进行实验，但结果似乎很有希望。
想想你为什么要给葡萄授粉
话虽如此，为猕猴桃授粉本身可能不是一个好主意：大多数工业农场都采用了一种更简单、效果更好的方法，那就是简单地将产果藤移植到任何猕猴桃藤种子生长的砧木上，甚至更好地移植到成熟植物的插条上。
